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Spring Security源码分析一:Spring Security认证过程
阅读量:6824 次
发布时间:2019-06-26

本文共 11350 字,大约阅读时间需要 37 分钟。

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Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean,充分利用了Spring IoC,DI(控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入)和AOP(面向切面编程)功能,为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能,减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

类图

为了方便理解Spring Security认证流程,特意画了如下的类图,包含相关的核心认证类

概述

核心验证器

AuthenticationManager

该对象提供了认证方法的入口,接收一个Authentiaton对象作为参数;

public interface AuthenticationManager {	Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)			throws AuthenticationException;}

ProviderManager

它是 AuthenticationManager 的一个实现类,提供了基本的认证逻辑和方法;它包含了一个 List<AuthenticationProvider> 对象,通过 AuthenticationProvider 接口来扩展出不同的认证提供者(当Spring Security默认提供的实现类不能满足需求的时候可以扩展AuthenticationProvider 覆盖supports(Class<?> authentication)方法);

验证逻辑

AuthenticationManager 接收 Authentication 对象作为参数,并通过 authenticate(Authentication) 方法对其进行验证;AuthenticationProvider实现类用来支撑对 Authentication 对象的验证动作;UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken实现了 Authentication主要是将用户输入的用户名和密码进行封装,并供给 AuthenticationManager 进行验证;验证完成以后将返回一个认证成功的 Authentication 对象;

Authentication

Authentication对象中的主要方法

public interface Authentication extends Principal, Serializable {	//#1.权限结合,可使用AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("admin,ROLE_ADMIN")返回字符串权限集合	Collection
getAuthorities(); //#2.用户名密码认证时可以理解为密码 Object getCredentials(); //#3.认证时包含的一些信息。 Object getDetails(); //#4.用户名密码认证时可理解时用户名 Object getPrincipal(); #5.是否被认证,认证为true boolean isAuthenticated(); #6.设置是否能被认证 void setAuthenticated(boolean isAuthenticated) throws IllegalArgumentException;

ProviderManager

ProviderManagerAuthenticationManager的实现类,提供了基本认证实现逻辑和流程;

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)			throws AuthenticationException {		//#1.获取当前的Authentication的认证类型		Class
toTest = authentication.getClass(); AuthenticationException lastException = null; Authentication result = null; boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled(); //#2.遍历所有的providers使用supports方法判断该provider是否支持当前的认证类型,不支持的话继续遍历 for (AuthenticationProvider provider : getProviders()) { if (!provider.supports(toTest)) { continue; } if (debug) { logger.debug("Authentication attempt using " + provider.getClass().getName()); } try { #3.支持的话调用provider的authenticat方法认证 result = provider.authenticate(authentication); if (result != null) { #4.认证通过的话重新生成Authentication对应的Token copyDetails(authentication, result); break; } } catch (AccountStatusException e) { prepareException(e, authentication); // SEC-546: Avoid polling additional providers if auth failure is due to // invalid account status throw e; } catch (InternalAuthenticationServiceException e) { prepareException(e, authentication); throw e; } catch (AuthenticationException e) { lastException = e; } } if (result == null && parent != null) { // Allow the parent to try. try { #5.如果#1 没有验证通过,则使用父类型AuthenticationManager进行验证 result = parent.authenticate(authentication); } catch (ProviderNotFoundException e) { // ignore as we will throw below if no other exception occurred prior to // calling parent and the parent // may throw ProviderNotFound even though a provider in the child already // handled the request } catch (AuthenticationException e) { lastException = e; } } #6. 是否擦出敏感信息 if (result != null) { if (eraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication && (result instanceof CredentialsContainer)) { // Authentication is complete. Remove credentials and other secret data // from authentication ((CredentialsContainer) result).eraseCredentials(); } eventPublisher.publishAuthenticationSuccess(result); return result; } // Parent was null, or didn't authenticate (or throw an exception). if (lastException == null) { lastException = new ProviderNotFoundException(messages.getMessage( "ProviderManager.providerNotFound", new Object[] { toTest.getName() }, "No AuthenticationProvider found for {0}")); } prepareException(lastException, authentication); throw lastException; }
  1. 遍历所有的 Providers,然后依次执行该 Provider 的验证方法
    • 如果某一个 Provider 验证成功,则跳出循环不再执行后续的验证;
    • 如果验证成功,会将返回的 result 既 Authentication 对象进一步封装为 Authentication Token; 比如 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken、RememberMeAuthenticationToken 等;这些 Authentication Token 也都继承自 Authentication 对象;
  2. 如果 #1 没有任何一个 Provider 验证成功,则试图使用其 parent Authentication Manager 进行验证;
  3. 是否需要擦除密码等敏感信息;

AuthenticationProvider

ProviderManager 通过 AuthenticationProvider 扩展出更多的验证提供的方式;而 AuthenticationProvider 本身也就是一个接口,从类图中我们可以看出它的实现类AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderAbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的子类DaoAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProviderSpring Security中一个核心的Provider,对所有的数据库提供了基本方法和入口。

DaoAuthenticationProvider

DaoAuthenticationProvider主要做了以下事情

  1. 对用户身份尽心加密操作;
    #1.可直接返回BCryptPasswordEncoder,也可以自己实现该接口使用自己的加密算法核心方法String encode(CharSequence rawPassword);和boolean matches(CharSequence rawPassword, String encodedPassword);

private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

2. 实现了 `AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider` 两个抽象方法,	1. 获取用户信息的扩展点	```javaprotected final UserDetails retrieveUser(String username,			UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)			throws AuthenticationException {		UserDetails loadedUser;		try {			loadedUser = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username);		}
主要是通过注入`UserDetailsService`接口对象,并调用其接口方法 `loadUserByUsername(String username)` 获取得到相关的用户信息。`UserDetailsService`接口非常重要。2. 实现 additionalAuthenticationChecks 的验证方法(主要验证密码);

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProviderDaoAuthenticationProvider提供了基本的认证方法;

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)			throws AuthenticationException {		Assert.isInstanceOf(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class, authentication,				messages.getMessage(						"AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.onlySupports",						"Only UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken is supported"));		// Determine username		String username = (authentication.getPrincipal() == null) ? "NONE_PROVIDED"				: authentication.getName();		boolean cacheWasUsed = true;		UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(username);		if (user == null) {			cacheWasUsed = false;			try {				#1.获取用户信息由子类实现即DaoAuthenticationProvider				user = retrieveUser(username,						(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);			}			catch (UsernameNotFoundException notFound) {				logger.debug("User '" + username + "' not found");				if (hideUserNotFoundExceptions) {					throw new BadCredentialsException(messages.getMessage(							"AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.badCredentials",							"Bad credentials"));				}				else {					throw notFound;				}			}			Assert.notNull(user,					"retrieveUser returned null - a violation of the interface contract");		}		try {			#2.前检查由DefaultPreAuthenticationChecks类实现(主要判断当前用户是否锁定,过期,冻结User接口)			preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);			#3.子类实现			additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,					(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);		}		catch (AuthenticationException exception) {			if (cacheWasUsed) {				// There was a problem, so try again after checking				// we're using latest data (i.e. not from the cache)				cacheWasUsed = false;				user = retrieveUser(username,						(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);				preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);				additionalAuthenticationChecks(user,						(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);			}			else {				throw exception;			}		}		#4.检测用户密码是否过期对应#2 的User接口		postAuthenticationChecks.check(user);		if (!cacheWasUsed) {			this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);		}		Object principalToReturn = user;		if (forcePrincipalAsString) {			principalToReturn = user.getUsername();		}		return createSuccessAuthentication(principalToReturn, authentication, user);	}

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider主要实现了AuthenticationProvider的接口方法authenticate 并提供了相关的验证逻辑;

  1. 获取用户返回UserDetails AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider定义了一个抽象的方法
     

protected abstract UserDetails retrieveUser(String username, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication) throws AuthenticationException;

2. 三步验证工作	1. preAuthenticationChecks	2. additionalAuthenticationChecks(抽象方法,子类实现)	3. postAuthenticationChecks3. 将已通过验证的用户信息封装成 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken 对象并返回;该对象封装了用户的身份信息,以及相应的权限信息,相关源码如下,	```javaprotected Authentication createSuccessAuthentication(Object principal,		UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken result = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(				principal, authentication.getCredentials(),				authoritiesMapper.mapAuthorities(user.getAuthorities()));		result.setDetails(authentication.getDetails());		return result;	}

UserDetailsService

UserDetailsService是一个接口,提供了一个方法

public interface UserDetailsService {	UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;}

通过用户名 username 调用方法 loadUserByUsername 返回了一个UserDetails接口对象(对应AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider的三步验证方法);

public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {	#1.权限集合	Collection
getAuthorities(); #2.密码 String getPassword(); #3.用户民 String getUsername(); #4.用户是否过期 boolean isAccountNonExpired(); #5.是否锁定 boolean isAccountNonLocked(); #6.用户密码是否过期 boolean isCredentialsNonExpired(); #7.账号是否可用(可理解为是否删除) boolean isEnabled();}

Spring 为UserDetailsService默认提供了一个实现类 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl

JdbcUserDetailsManager

该实现类主要是提供基于JDBC对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法

public class JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsManager,		GroupManager {	// ~ Static fields/initializers	// =====================================================================================	// UserDetailsManager SQL	#1.定义了一些列对数据库操作的语句	public static final String DEF_CREATE_USER_SQL = "insert into users (username, password, enabled) values (?,?,?)";	public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_SQL = "delete from users where username = ?";	public static final String DEF_UPDATE_USER_SQL = "update users set password = ?, enabled = ? where username = ?";	public static final String DEF_INSERT_AUTHORITY_SQL = "insert into authorities (username, authority) values (?,?)";	public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_AUTHORITIES_SQL = "delete from authorities where username = ?";	public static final String DEF_USER_EXISTS_SQL = "select username from users where username = ?";	public static final String DEF_CHANGE_PASSWORD_SQL = "update users set password = ? where username = ?";

InMemoryUserDetailsManager

该实现类主要是提供基于内存对 User 进行增、删、查、改的方法 `public class InMemoryUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager { protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); #1.用MAP 存储 private final Map<String, MutableUserDetails> users = new HashMap<String, MutableUserDetails>();

private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;public InMemoryUserDetailsManager() {}public InMemoryUserDetailsManager(Collection
users) { for (UserDetails user : users) { createUser(user); }}`

总结

UserDetailsService接口作为桥梁,是DaoAuthenticationProvier与特定用户信息来源进行解耦的地方,UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsUserDetailsManager所构成;UserDetailsUserDetailsManager各司其责,一个是对基本用户信息进行封装,一个是对基本用户信息进行管理;

特别注意UserDetailsServiceUserDetails以及UserDetailsManager都是可被用户自定义的扩展点,我们可以继承这些接口提供自己的读取用户来源和管理用户的方法,比如我们可以自己实现一个 与特定 ORM 框架,比如 Mybatis 或者 Hibernate,相关的UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsManager

时序图

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/merryyou/blog/1601058

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